Census
What is collected? An excellent aid regarding the U.S. Census information from 1790 through 1930 is offered by Genealogy.com
Searchable collections by FamilySearch:
- Federal census for 1820, 1830, 1840, 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880, 1900, 1910, 1920, 1930, 1940
- Mortality Schedule 1850
- State census for 1855, 1865
All of the census records are available free online at Archive.org. You can read and even download the massive files.
Ancestry made the 1880 federal census available for free searching.